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Successful University Writing

Practical approaches to get started with planning, writing and reviewing your work.

Reflective writing

Reflective writing at university can take many forms. It can be individual or communal, unstructured or structured, informal or formally assessed. Grellier and Goerke (2006) propose that no matter what form it might take, reflective writing:

  • challenges you to think deeply about your learning and professional practice
  • provides an insight as to how your understanding is developing
  • contributes to communal understanding and learning as a community
  • is a personal record of your thinking
  • encourages you to become a learner for life

Reflective writing is a habit of reflective practice that challenges you to explore the significance of your own thoughts and actions - in this case relevant to your understanding of a particular area of study and professional practice, either current or future.

Features of reflective writing

Turner et al. (2011) outline essential skills that are developed through, and essential for reflective writing:

Reflective writing cycle. Situation awareness, thinking, planning, trying, awareness of next situation.

  • Awareness: Look to develop an understanding of a situation or topic. What are the main issues? What have you experienced? At this stage, your writing is mainly descriptive.
  • Thinking: Think about the situation or topic in terms of how it connects to what you already know, past experience, or to professional practice. This is where you focus on the connections and processes.
  • Planning: This is where you look to plan. What are the implications of what you have discovered about the theme or experience and what are the implications?  Be specific in what you might attempt to change in yourself. If this is in relation to a professional experience, plan to address a situation in a new way or try out a new approach. For reflection about understanding, propose ways that you might address related aspects of your course based on this understanding.
  • Trying: Once you have a plan, give it a go. You can reflect on and record the impact of a new approach, either in practice or in your learning.
  • Reflect over time: The process is cyclical. As time permits, look towards new issues or ideas, keeping in mind any new perspectives you have gained from this process. Here you can evaluate the effectiveness of this process, key concepts and your own learning over time.
Features of Reflective Writing

Reflective writing usually calls for you to write in first person, especially if you are writing about a specific experience, or making comment about your understanding of an issue or area of study.

There is scope to write more informally than an academic essay. Most types of reflective writing are essentially conversations with yourself, so the writing should be in a comfortable style that won't get in the way of authentic reflection. Of course, adapt this to suit the exact task. For example, if it is a formal reflective essay, then write in a more formal style.

Use complete sentences, as reflective writing is more than simply taking notes.

Write clearly. There is a connection between language and ideas, and complex language can sometimes overly 'muddy' the ideas you present. Try to write simply and directly, in a way that concisely records your thinking. Don't fall into the trap of overly-sophisticated language. 

Use descriptive language. In order to reflect on an idea or situation, it is important to describe it. Spend time and energy on setting up your reflections with succinct descriptions.

Incorporate key terms and language from your discipline.

Types of reflective writing

You may be asked to write a reflective journal for some courses, or perhaps to reflect on a specific experience, such as a professional placement or as part of a service-learning experience. Generally speaking, reflective journalling is an individual tool for learning and academic or professional growth. Sometimes, your lecturer or tutor may have some oversight, and if assessed, it is likely to be judged on the depth of engagement and the way in which you engage with the process.  In some cases, you might have specific areas of focus or guiding questions to respond to. Regardless of the structure, there are some key things you can do to ensure that you make the most of the journalling experience.

  • Write frequently and make sure that you include dates for your entries (online journalling will usually do this for you).
  • Maintain an emphasis on processes.
  • Make connections between areas of course or program content and the area of focus or experience you are journalling about.
  • Continually reflect (and revisit the reflection) on the particular experience or focus of your reflection.
  • Look to evaluate consistently.

Discussion boards are increasingly being used as a learning tool at university. Although there are a wide range of of situations and tasks that may be addressed in this way, group discussions look to create communities of learners. Often, online discussions call for groups to reflect on a theme or topic and to look to expand, challenge or explore on the ideas presented by the group. In this way, learning collaboratively happens and is often driven by the personal understandings or professional insights presented through contributions to the chat.

Although expectations can vary from task to task, some common characteristics for contributing to university discussions include:

  • Less formal register. Although less formal than essay writing, discussions are still part of an academic engagement. The register may be more personal, though interactions should always be respectful and professional. There is no room for the sort of personal interaction that might be found on non-academic social media. The tone may be conversational, but should remain in a polite, professional register.
  • Personal opinion and experience. Often, academic discussion boards look to explore connections between course themes, professional experience and personal opinions or understandings about the relevant issues. Look to make links between the topics of discussion and your personal understandings or insights.
  • Acknowledging sources. Though formal referencing, such as APA7th or Chicago may not be required, it is good practice as in any academic writing to make it clear to the group about the source of ideas or information that you present, even if you are presenting your own opinion.
  • Challenge others and be prepared to be challenged. Academic discussions usually allow some flexibility in the direction or area of focus of the writing, usually in response to contributions from the group. Be prepared to advance the discussion by asking good questions or exploring points made by others in more detail. Be prepared to disagree or debate as well. Often, working through areas of difference helps and, in fact, is encouraged.

Sometimes you may be called upon to respond to a situation or topic, without guiding questions or a suggested structure. In this case, the writing may be about yourself as a learner, or as a refection about your understanding of a particular theme, topic or experience.

Writing about yourself as a learner

Self reflection that looks to help your understand yourself as a learner might address questions like:

  • What sort of learner am I? What strategies of approaches are most effective? Why?
  • Did I learn anything about myself in a recent learning task?
  • Are there areas that I am finding difficult to learn? Why?
  • How might I approach things differently in the future?

Writing about your understanding

These sorts of reflections usually offer opportunities to demonstrate your understandings developed as a result of a particular activity or experience. It could be narrowly focussed (e.g. a short assignment) or larger in nature (e.g. a skill you have worked on over a semester). 

Typically, you might answer questions such as:

  • Why did a particular thing happen? Did I influence the way that it happened?
  • Did I engage in the activity / experience with particular beliefs or mindset. Did this have an impact?
  • How might I have approached the experience differently?
  • What did I learn as a result of this activity?
  • Have my understandings of the course, or my personal position changed as a result of engaging with the activity?
  • Are my new understandings consistent with my prior knowledge?
  • How might my new understandings or insights relate to my professional life?

 

References

References

Grellier, J. & Goerke, V. (2006). Communication skills toolkit: Unlocking the secrets of tertiary success. Cengage

Turner, K., Krenus, B., Ireland, L., & Pointon, L. (2011). Essential Academic Skills (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Success Now! workshops and consultations

 

Success Now! workshops are available live online or on campus. Register here for workshops on research and writing. You can also organise an individual consultation here to talk to a learning advisor about planning your assignments.