University Library: Chicago Notes & Bibliography: Books & eBooks

Main elements - bibliography

The relevant Chicago Manual of Style chapters are linked in many of the notes below so that further information and examples can be located in the online manual.

Authors (or editors)

[13.77]

Book

First footnote
6. Charles Hornsby, Kenya: A History Since Independence (Tauris, 2013), 221.

Subsequent footnotes
8. Hornsby, Kenya, 225.

Bibliography

Hornsby, Charles. Kenya: A History Since Independence. Tauris, 2013.

eBook

First footnote
9. Michael Cadden, Telling Children's Stories (University of Nebraska Press, 2011), 4, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1dfnsch.

Subsequent footnotes
11. Cadden, Telling Children's Stories, 5.

Bibliography

Cadden, Michael. Telling Children's Stories: Narrative Theory and Children's Literature. University of Nebraska Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1dfnsch.

Name order - two or three authors or editors: [13.78] Multiple authors & editors of the same work are listed in the order in which they appear with the source. Do not change this order, as the authors are listed according to the contribution they have made to the research.

In a first footnote, the authors' names are given in normal order (i.e. first name first).
In a short form footnote, only the surnames are given.
In a bibliography, only the first author's name is inverted (i.e. surname first). Additional authors' names follow in normal order.

Book

First footnote
1. Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koga, The Courage to Be Disliked: The Japanese Phenomenon That Shows You How to Change Your Life and Achieve Real Happiness (Atria Books, 2018), 257.

Subsequent footnotes
2. Kishimi and Koga, Courage to Be Disliked, 259.

Bibliography

Kishimi, Ichiro, and Fumitake Koga. The Courage to Be Disliked: The Japanese Phenomenon That Shows You How to Change Your Life and Achieve Real Happiness. Atria Books, 2018.

eBook

First footnote
3. Jonathan Todres and Sarah Higinbotham, Human Rights in Children's Literature: Imagination and the Narrative of Law (Oxford University Press, 2016), chap. 2, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190213343.001.0001.

Subsequent footnotes
5. Todres and Higinbotham, Human Rights in Children's Literature, chap. 2.

Bibliography

Todres, Jonathan, and Sarah Higinbotham. Human Rights in Children's Literature: Imagination and the Narrative of Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190213343.001.0001.

Three or more: [13.78] Multiple authors of the same work are listed in the order in which they appear with the source. Do not change this order, as the authors are listed according to the contribution they have made to the research.

In a first footnote, only the name of the first author is included, followed by et al.
In a short form footnote, only include the first author's surname followed by et al.
In a bibliography, list all the authors with only the first author's name inverted. (For articles with more than six authors, list the first three then et al.)

Book

First footnote
4. Bret Kloos et al., Community Psychology: Linking Individuals and Communities, 3rd ed. (Wadsworth, 2012), 432.

Subsequent footnotes
7. Kloos et al., Community Psychology, 455.

Bibliography

Kloos, Bret, Jean Hill, Elizabeth Thomas, Abraham Wandersman, Maurice J. Elias, and James H. Dalton. Community Psychology: Linking Individuals and Communities. 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2012.

eBook

First footnote
2. Brian McNair et al., Politics, Media and Democracy in Australia: Public and Producer Perceptions of the Political Public Sphere (Routledge, 2017), chap. 1, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315771311.

Subsequent footnotes
8. McNair et al., Politics, Media and Democracy in Australia, chap. 1.

Bibliography

McNair, Brian, Terry Flew, Stephen Harrington, and Adam Swift. Politics, Media and Democracy in Australia: Public and Producer Perceptions of the Political Public Sphere. Routledge, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315771311.

Editions other than the first: [14.15] When an edition other than the first is cited, the number or description, of the edition follows the title. Such wording as Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged is abbreviated in notes and bibliographies simply as 2nd ed.; Revised Edition (with no number) is abbreviated as rev. ed.

Book

First footnote
4. Jacques P. Thiroux and Keith W. Krasemann, Ethics: Theory and Practice, 9th ed. (Pearson, 2007), 501.

Subsequent footnotes
9. Thiroux and Krasemann, Ethics: Theory and Practice, 503.

Bibliography

Thiroux, Jacques P., and Keith W. Krasemann. Ethics: Theory and Practice. 9th ed. Pearson, 2007.

eBook

First footnote
1. Colin Neville, The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism, 2nd ed. (Open University Press, 2010), 8, Proquest Ebook Central.

Subsequent footnotes
3. Neville, Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism, 9.

Bibliography

Neville, Colin. The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism. 2nd ed. Open University Press, 2010. Proquest Ebook Central.

[14.5]

First footnote

9. Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, ed., Sustainable Fashion: Consumer Awareness and Education (Springer Nature, 2019), 30, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1262-5.

Subsequent footnotes
11. Muth, ed., Sustainable Fashion, 32.

Bibliography

Muthu, Subramanian Senthikannan, ed. Sustainable Fashion: Consumer Awareness and Education. Springer Nature, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1262-5.

[14.9]

Book

First footnote
5. John Rawls, “Legal Obligation and the Duty of Fair Play,” in Civil Disobedience and Violence, ed. Jeffrie G. Murphy (Wadsworth, 1971), 39.

Subsequent footnotes
7. Rawls, “Legal Obligation,” 42.

Bibliography

Rawls, John. “Legal Obligation and the Duty of Fair Play.” In Civil Disobedience and Violence, edited by Jeffrie G. Murphy. Wadsworth, 1971.

eBook

First footnote
10. Barbara Stallings, “Chinese Foreign Aid to Latin America: Trying to Win Friends and Influence People,” in The Political Economy of China-Latin America Relations in the New Millennium: Brave New World, eds. Margaret Myers and Carol Wise (Routledge, 2017), 70, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315619484.

Subsequent footnotes
15. Stallings, “Chinese Foreign Aid to Latin America," 72.

Bibliography

Stallings, Barbara. “Chinese Foreign Aid to Latin America: Trying to Win Friends and Influence People.” In The Political Economy of China-Latin America Relations in the New Millennium: Brave New World, edited by Margaret Myers and Carol Wise. Routledge, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315619484.

[13.85]

First footnote
3. Augustine, On Christian Doctrine, trans. D. W. Robertson (Bobbs-Merrill, 1993), 34.
5. Henry VIII, Assertio septem sacramentorum or Defence of the Seven Sacraments (Benziger Brothers, 1908), 210-211.

Subsequent footnotes
6. Augustine, On Christian Doctrine, 34.
8. Henry VIII, Seven Sacraments, 152-154.

Bibliography

Augustine. On Christian Doctrine. Translated by D. W. Robertson. Bobbs-Merrill, 1993.

Henry VIII. Assertio septem sacramentorum or Defence of the Seven Sacraments. Benziger Brothers, 1908.

[14.6, 13.24]

First footnote
6. Martin Heidegger, The Essence of Reasons, trans. Terrence Malick (Northwestern University Press, 1969), 56.

Subsequent footnotes
8. Heidegger, Essence of Reasons, 56.

Bibliography

Heidegger, Martin. The Essence of Reasons. Translated by Terrence Malick. Northwestern University Press, 1969.

[13.86]

First footnote
2. University of Chicago Press, The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. (University of Chicago Press, 2017), 234.

Subsequent footnotes
6. University of Chicago Press, Chicago Manual of Style, 234.

Bibliography

University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style. 17th ed. University of Chicago Press, 2017.

[13.81]

First footnote
1. A True and Sincere Declaration of the Purpose and Ends of the Plantation Begun in Virginia, of the Degrees Which It Hath Received, and Means by Which It Hath Been Advanced (London, 1610), 1.

Subsequent footnotes
5. True and Sincere Declaration, 1.

Bibliography

A True and Sincere Declaration of the Purpose and Ends of the Plantation Begun in Virginia, of the Degrees Which It Hath Received, and Means by Which It Hath Been Advanced. London, 1610.

Secondary references: [14.160] To cite a source from a secondary source you have not read is generally to be discouraged. If an original source is unavailable, however, both the original and the secondary source must be listed in the footnotes. The bibliography entry should list the source you actually read.
The example below is a journal article (by Zukofsky) quoted in a book (by Costello). Adjust this example according to the sources you are referring to.

First footnote
9. Louis Zukofsky, “Sincerity and Objectification,” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269, quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions (Harvard University Press, 1981), 78.

Subsequent footnotes
21. Zukofsky, "Sincerity and Objectification," 269, quoted in Costello, Marianne Moore, 78.

Bibliography

Costello, Bonnie, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions. Harvard University Press, 1981.

Digital object identifier (DOI): [14.60] In the case of eBooks, a URL based on a DOI is required in addition to the publisher information. For older format DOIs, append https://doi.org/ to form a URL, e.g. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315817224.

eBook with DOI

First footnote
2. Claudia Mills and Claudia Nelson, Ethics and Children's Literature (Ashgate, 2014), 90, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190213343.001.0001.

Subsequent footnotes
5. Mills and Nelson, Ethics and Children's Literature, 91.

Bibliography

Mills, Claudia, and Claudia Nelson. Ethics and Children's Literature. Ashgate, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315580319.

No DOI: [14.60] For books consulted online, add a URL to the end of the citation if the link is publicly available. A suitable URL may not be available for books consulted via a subscription library databases. An acceptable alternative is to list the name of the database rather than the URL.

eBook with no DOI

First footnote
1. Paula Connolly, Slavery in American Children's Literature, 1790-2010 (University of Iowa Press, 2013), 52, Proquest Ebook Central.

Subsequent footnotes
3. Connolly, Slavery in American Children's Literature, 55.

Bibliography

Connolly, Paula. Slavery in American Children's Literature, 1790-2010. University of Iowa Press, 2013. Proquest Ebook Central.

Explanatory notes

Initials: [13.75] Authors’ names are normally given as they appear with the source. If an author uses his or her given name in one work and initials in another, use preferably the full name when citing both, for consistency.
Omit any degrees and affiliations following names.

Given names: [13.85] Authors known only by their given name (and not by any surname) are listed by that name, e.g. Elizabeth II. Titles such as King or Saint are omitted.

Titles: [8.170] When mentioned in text, footnotes, or bibliography, titles and subtitles are italicised and capitalised headline-style. In short form footnotes, the main title of the work is shortened if more than four words.

Abbreviations in publishers names: [14.33] The can be omitted from a publisher’s name, as can Inc., Ltd., Co., and Publishing Co.

Page numbers: [13.20] Page numbers, if referring to a particular passage, are required for all footnotes. In the absence of page numbers (e.g. as in the case of some electronic documents), give the chapter number or section heading.

In footnotes: give the page number from the original source for the quote/idea you have used.
In the bibliography: page numbers are not required for books.

eBooks: [14.59] Some eBooks with scrollable text may not have fixed page numbers. In such cases it is best to cite a chapter number or a section heading in the footnote e.g. Robinson, Twentieth Century Poetry, chap. 5.

Chicago Notes & Bibliography

Main elements - bibliography

Authors (or editors)

DOI

Explanatory notes

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